Tutorial Two

1- By providing examples explain how Maslows Hierarchy of Needs relates to a student's motivation to study well.

Maslows Hierarchy is based on changed in basic needs and motivation. Maslows theory distinguishes two types of needs, called Deficit Needs and Being Needs. Deficit needs are basic needs. Being needs are needs that need to appreciate. To be motivating each and every students needs to be fulfilled their basic needs. If they are lacking something they won’t be motivated to study. For example if a child who is not getting enough to eat is not going to feel much interest in learning. And also a child may be getting enough to eat, but may worry chronically about personal safety again a child won’t be motivated to learning. A child does everything very well and score high marks in exam, but still there is no reinforcement or appreciation therefore child would not be motivated to do anything good. Therefore basic needs and being needs play very important role in students learning life.

2- Explain why morality is a concern for students at school. Provide examples.

Morality is a system of beliefs about what is right or wrong. When it comes to schooling and teaching, moral choices are not restricted to occasional dramatic incidents, but are woven into almost every aspect of classroom life. For an example suppose we are teaching, reading to a small group of second-graders, and the students are taking turns reading a story out loud. Should we give every student the same amount of time to read, even though some might benefit from having additional time? Or should we give more time to the students who need extra help, even if doing so bores classmates and deprives others of equal shares of “floor time”?

It is important to keep both themes in mind when thinking about how students develop beliefs about right or wrong. Morality of care is about human responsibility.

Tutorial One

Tutorial ONE

1. Define Psychology ?

Psychology is an academic and applied discipline that involves the scientific study of mental functions and behaviors.

2- What id educational psychology?
Educational psychology is how humans learn in educational settings,the effectiveness of educational interventions. And also it is concerned with how students learn and develop, often focusing on subgroups such as gifted children and those subject to specific disabilities. It also can in part be understood through it's relationship with other discipline.

3- By providing examples discuss how a teacher can help become life long learners.
The joy of teaching. And the motivation of teacher will help students to learn.Using self-determination theory in the classroom.In addition to being influenced by their goals, interests, and attributions, students’ motives are affected by specific beliefs about the student’s personal capacities. In self-efficacy theory the beliefs become a primary, explicit explanation for motivation.Self-efficacy is the belief that you are capable of 
carrying out a specific task or of reaching a specific goal.Self-efficacy is not about whether you believe that you are intelligent in general, whether you always like working with mechanical things, or 
think that you are generally a likable person.

4. What are the four New trends in the teaching profession?
1- Diversity In Students
2- Using technology to support learning.
3- Accountability in education.
4- Increased professionalism of teachers.

5- Describe what is meant by diversity in students?

To teach students well, we need to understand the important ways that they differ among 

themselves, and when or how the differences really matter for their education.

6. Why is it important to use technology to support learning? 

  Because it increases student engagement and motivation; and accelerates learning. Technologies have the potential to transform traditional school-based learning, but also that they have in fact begun to do so.

7. Explain what is meant by "accountability in education" 

Meaning that schools and teachers are held responsible for implementing particular curricula and goals, 

and that students are held responsible for learning particular knowledge.

8. In what ways do you think teaching has become more professional than it was in the past? justify your answer with examples from the profession.            

Increased expectations of achievement by students mean that teachers have increased responsibility not 

only for their students’ academic success, but also for their own development as teachers. Becoming a new teacher now requires more specialized work than in the past, as reflected in the increased requirements for certification and licensing in many societies and regions. The increased requirements are partly a response to the complexities created by the increasing diversity of students and increasing use of technology in classrooms.Action research studies lead to concrete decisions that improve teaching and learning in particular educational contexts (Mertler, 2006; Stringer, 2004). The studies can take many forms, but here are a few brief examples:

• How precisely do individual children learn to read? In an action research study, the teacher might observe 

and track one child’s reading progress carefully for an extended time.From the observations she can get 

clues about how to help not only that particular child to read better,but also other children in her class or 

even in colleagues’ classes.

• Does it really matter if a high school social studies teacher uses more, rather than fewer, open-ended 

questions? As an action of research study, the teacher might videotape his own lessons,and systematically 

compare students’ responses to his open-ended questions compared to their responses to more closed 

questions (the ones with more fixed answers).The analysis might suggest when and how much it is indeed 

desirable to use open-ended questions.

• Can an art teacher actually entice students to take more creative risks with their drawings? As an action 

research study, the teacher might examine the students’ drawings carefully for signs of visual novelty and 

innovation, and then see if the signs increase if she encourages novelty and innovation explicitly.

9. What was the areas of teaching in which educational psychology can? 

(1) Students as learners,

(2) Instruction and assessment,

 (3) The psychological and social awareness of teachers.